Dongguan Portable Tools a matsayin ƙwararrun masana'anta akan kayan aikin injin ɗin, mun ƙirƙira kayan aikin injin ɗin akan rukunin yanar gizon, gami da na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi na layi, na'urar flange mai ɗaukar hoto, injin niƙa šaukuwa da sauran kayan aikin yanar gizo gwargwadon buƙatun ku. Ana maraba da ODM/OEM kamar yadda ake buƙata.
A kan site m mashayaa matsayin wani ɓangare na šaukuwa line m inji, za mu iya yin m mashaya tsawon har zuwa 2000-12000 mita bisa ga daban-daban size. Kuma m diamita za a iya musamman daga 30mm-250mm bisa ga shafin sabis halin da ake ciki.
Tsarin sarrafa sanduna masu ban sha'awa musamman sun haɗa da matakai masu zuwa:
Yin kayan aiki: Na farko, bisa ga girman da siffar mashaya mai ban sha'awa da za a sarrafa, zaɓi albarkatun da suka dace don yankan kayan.
Hammering: Hammer kayan da aka yanke don inganta tsari da aikin kayan.
Annealing: Ta hanyar gyaran fuska, an kawar da damuwa da lahani a cikin kayan, kuma ana inganta filastik da taurin kayan.
M machining: Yi aikin sarrafa injina na farko, gami da juyi, niƙa da sauran matakai, don samar da ainihin sifar mashaya mai ban sha'awa.
Quenching da tempering: Ta hanyar quenching da tempering jiyya, da kayan samun mai kyau m inji Properties, ciki har da babban ƙarfi da high tauri.
Ƙarshe: Ta hanyar niƙa da sauran matakai, ana sarrafa mashaya mai ban sha'awa don cimma girman da ake bukata da daidaiton siffar.
Babban zafin jiki mai zafi: Ƙara inganta kayan aikin injiniya na kayan aiki kuma rage damuwa na ciki.
Niƙa: Yi niƙa na ƙarshe na mashaya mai ban sha'awa don tabbatar da ingancin saman sa da daidaiton girman sa.
Tempering: Ana sake yin zafi don daidaita tsarin da rage nakasawa.
Nitriding: Ana yin nitrided saman sandar mai ban sha'awa don inganta taurinsa da sa juriya.
Adana (shigarwa): Bayan an kammala duk aiki, ana adana sandar mai ban sha'awa ko shigar kai tsaye don amfani.
Zaɓin kayan abu da tsarin maganin zafi don sanduna masu ban sha'awa
Sanduna masu ban sha'awa galibi ana yin su ne da kayan aiki tare da babban ƙarfi, juriya mai ƙarfi da juriya mai ƙarfi, kamar 40CrMo gami da tsarin ƙarfe. Tsarin maganin zafi ya haɗa da daidaitawa, fushi da nitriding. Normalizing zai iya tsaftace tsarin, ƙara ƙarfi da ƙarfi; tempering zai iya kawar da damuwa na aiki da kuma rage nakasawa; nitriding yana kara inganta taurin saman da juriya.
Common matsaloli da mafita ga m sanduna
Matsalolin gama gari a cikin tsarin sarrafa mashaya mai ban sha'awa sun haɗa da rawar jiki da nakasa. Don rage rawar jiki, ana iya amfani da hanyoyin yankan gefuna da yawa, kamar yin amfani da faifan yanka mai ban sha'awa, wanda zai iya inganta ingantaccen aiki da kwanciyar hankali.
Don sarrafa nakasawa, ana buƙatar kulawar zafi mai kyau da daidaita sigogin tsari yayin aiki. Bugu da ƙari, sarrafa nakasawa a lokacin nitriding mai wuya shima yana da mahimmanci, kuma ana buƙatar tabbatar da inganci ta hanyar gwaji da daidaita tsari.
A m mashayayana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke cikin kayan aikin injin. Ya dogara da maɓallan jagora guda biyu don jagora da tafiya gaba da baya axially don cimma ciyarwar axial. A lokaci guda, igiya mara ƙarfi tana yin motsin juyawa ta hanyar jujjuyawar maɓalli don cimma jujjuyawar kewaye. Mashigin mai ban sha'awa shine ainihin babban motsi na kayan aikin injin, kuma ingancin masana'anta yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan aikin kayan aikin injin. Sabili da haka, yin nazari da nazarin tsarin sarrafawa na mashaya mai ban sha'awa yana da mahimmanci ga aminci, kwanciyar hankali da ingancin kayan aikin inji.
Zaɓin kayan mashaya mai ban sha'awa
Mashigin mai ban sha'awa shine babban ɓangaren babban watsawa kuma yana buƙatar samun manyan kayan aikin injiniya kamar juriya na lankwasa, juriya da juriya da tasiri. Wannan yana buƙatar cewa mashaya mai ban sha'awa tana da isasshen ƙarfi a cikin ainihin da isasshen ƙarfi a saman. Abubuwan da ke cikin carbon na 38CrMoAlA, ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin ƙarfe mai inganci, yana sa ƙarfe ya sami isasshen ƙarfi, kuma abubuwan gami kamar Cr, Mo, da Al na iya samar da wani tsari mai tarwatsewa tare da carbon kuma ana rarraba su daidai a cikin matrix. Lokacin da aka fuskanci damuwa na waje, yana taka shinge na inji kuma yana ƙarfafawa. Daga cikin su, ƙari na Cr zai iya ƙara yawan ƙarfin daɗaɗɗen nitriding, inganta ƙarfin ƙarfe da ƙarfin mahimmanci; Bugu da ƙari na Al na iya ƙara yawan taurin nitriding Layer da kuma tsaftace hatsi; Mo yafi kawar da rashin ƙarfi na ƙarfe. Bayan shekaru na gwaji da bincike, 38CrMoAlA na iya saduwa da manyan abubuwan da ake buƙata na sanduna masu ban sha'awa kuma a halin yanzu shine zaɓi na farko don kayan mashaya mai ban sha'awa.
M mashaya zafi magani tsari da kuma aiki
Tsarin maganin zafi: normalizing + tempering + nitriding. Bar nitriding mai ban sha'awa shine mataki na ƙarshe a cikin tsarin maganin zafi. Don sanya ginshiƙi mai ban sha'awa ya sami mahimman kayan aikin injiniya, kawar da damuwa na sarrafawa, rage nakasawa yayin tsarin nitriding, da kuma shirya tsarin don mafi kyawun nitriding Layer, mashaya mai ban sha'awa yana buƙatar kulawa da zafin zafin jiki sosai kafin nitriding, wato normalizing da tempering.
(1) daidaitawa. Daidaita shi shine dumama karfe zuwa sama da zafin jiki mai mahimmanci, kiyaye shi dumi na ɗan lokaci, sannan sanyaya shi da iska. Gudun sanyaya yana da sauri. Bayan al'ada, tsarin daidaitawa shine toshe "ferrite + pearlite", tsarin sashi yana da ladabi, ƙarfin da ƙarfi yana ƙaruwa, an rage damuwa na ciki, kuma an inganta aikin yankewa. Cold aiki ba a bukatar kafin normalize, amma hadawan abu da iskar shaka Layer da decarburization Layer samar ta hanyar normalize zai haifar da rashin amfani kamar ƙãra brittleness da rashin isasshen taurin bayan nitriding, don haka isasshen aiki izni ya kamata a bar a cikin normalizing tsari.
(2) Haushi. Yawan aiki bayan al'ada yana da girma, kuma za a haifar da babban adadin matsalolin sarrafa kayan aiki bayan yankewa. Don kawar da damuwa na aikin injiniya bayan aiki mai tsanani da kuma rage nakasawa a lokacin nitriding, ya zama dole don ƙara maganin zafin jiki bayan aiki mai tsanani. Tempering yana da zafi mai zafi bayan quenching, kuma tsarin da aka samo yana da kyau troostite. Sassan bayan zafin jiki suna da isasshen ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Yawancin sassa masu mahimmanci suna buƙatar fushi.
(3) Bambanci tsakanin tsarin matrix na daidaitawa da tsarin matrix "na al'ada + tempering". Tsarin matrix bayan daidaitawa shine toshe ferrite da pearlite, yayin da tsarin matrix bayan “daidaita + tempering” yana da kyakkyawan tsarin troostite.
(4) Nitriding. Nitriding hanya ce ta magani mai zafi wanda ke sa saman sashin ya sami babban ƙarfi da juriya, yayin da ainihin ke kiyaye ƙarfin asali da taurin. Karfe mai dauke da chromium, molybdenum ko aluminium zai sami ingantacciyar tasiri mai inganci bayan nitriding. Ingancin kayan aikin bayan nitriding: ① A saman kayan aikin shine azurfa-launin toka da matte. ② A surface taurin na workpiece ne ≥1 000HV, da kuma surface taurin bayan nika ne ≥900HV. ③ Zurfin nitriding Layer shine ≥0.56mm, kuma zurfin bayan nika shine> 0.5mm. ④ Nakasar nitriding yana buƙatar runout ≤0.08mm. ⑤ Brittleness matakin 1 zuwa 2 ya cancanta, wanda za a iya samu a ainihin samarwa, kuma yana da kyau bayan nika.
(5) Bambanci a cikin tsari tsakanin "normalizing + nitriding" da "normalizing + tempering + nitriding". Tasirin nitriding na “normalizing + quenching and tempering + nitriding” ya fi na “normalizing + nitriding”. A cikin tsarin nitriding na “normalizing + nitriding”, akwai bayyanannen toshewa da ƙananan nitrides masu kama da allura, waɗanda kuma za a iya amfani da su azaman maƙasudi don nazarin lamarin nitriding Layer zubar da sanduna masu ban sha'awa.
Ƙarshen tsari na sanduna masu ban sha'awa:
Tsari: blanking → normalizing → hakowa da m jujjuya tsakiya rami → m juya → quenching da tempering → Semi-kammala juya → m nika na waje da'irar → Nikakken nika na ciki → nitriding → Semi-kammala nika ramin taper (ajiye izinin nika mai kyau)
Kammala tsari na sanduna masu ban sha'awa. Tun da mashaya mai ban sha'awa yana buƙatar nitrided, matakan da'irar waje guda biyu na ƙarshe an tsara su musamman. An shirya niƙa na farko na ƙarshen ƙarshen kafin nitriding, manufar ita ce kafa tushe mai kyau don maganin nitriding. Yafi don sarrafa izini da daidaiton geometric na mashaya mai ban sha'awa kafin a yi niƙa don tabbatar da cewa taurin nitriding Layer bayan nitriding yana sama da 900HV. Ko da yake nakasar lanƙwasa ƙanƙanta ce yayin nitriding, nakasar kafin nitriding ba dole ba ne a gyara shi, in ba haka ba zai iya girma fiye da nakasar asali. Our factory tsari kayyade cewa m da'irar izni a lokacin farko Semi-kammala nika ne 0.07 ~ 0.1mm, da kuma na biyu Semi-kammala nika tsari da aka shirya bayan da kyau nika na tapered rami. Wannan tsari yana shigar da cibiya mai niƙa a cikin ramin da aka ɗora, kuma ana tura ƙarshen biyu sama. Ɗayan ƙarshen yana tura tsakiyar rami na ƙananan ƙarshen fuska na mashaya mai ban sha'awa, ɗayan kuma yana tura tsakiyar rami na tsakiya na nika. Sa'an nan kuma da'irar waje tana ƙasa tare da firam na tsakiya, kuma ba a cire tushen niƙa ba. Ana juya spline niƙa don niƙa hanyar maɓalli. Nika na biyu na ƙarshen da'irar waje shine sanya damuwa na ciki da aka haifar yayin kyakkyawan niƙa na da'irar waje ya fara nunawa, ta yadda za a inganta daidaitaccen nika mai kyau na hanyar maɓalli. Saboda akwai tushe don kammala da'irar waje, tasirin da ke kan hanya yayin niƙa mai kyau na da'irar waje kaɗan ne.
Ana sarrafa hanyar maɓalli ta amfani da injin niƙa, tare da ƙarshen yana fuskantar tsakiyar rami na ƙaramin ƙarshen ƙarshen mashaya mai ban sha'awa kuma ɗayan ƙarshen yana fuskantar tsakiyar rami na niƙa. Ta wannan hanyar, lokacin da ake niƙa, hanyar maɓalli tana fuskantar sama, kuma lanƙwasa nakasar da'irar waje da madaidaiciyar hanyar jagorar kayan aikin injin kawai suna shafar ƙasan tsagi, kuma suna da ɗan tasiri a bangarorin biyu na tsagi. Idan ana amfani da injin niƙa na jagora don sarrafawa, nakasar da ke haifar da madaidaiciyar hanyar jagorar kayan aikin injin da mataccen ma'aunin sandar mai ban sha'awa zai shafi madaidaiciyar hanyar. Gabaɗaya, yana da sauƙi don amfani da spline grinder don saduwa da buƙatun madaidaiciya da daidaituwa na hanyar maɓalli.
The waje da'irar lafiya nika na m mashaya ne da za'ayi a kan duniya grinder, da kuma hanyar amfani da a tsaye kayan aiki cibiyar nika Hanyar.
Gudun gudu na ramin da aka ɗora shine babban ƙãre samfurin daidaito na na'ura mai ban sha'awa. Abubuwan buƙatu na ƙarshe don sarrafa ramin da aka ɗora sune: ① Gudun gudu na ramin da aka ɗora zuwa diamita na waje ya kamata a ba da tabbacin zama 0.005mm a ƙarshen sandal da 0.01mm a 300mm daga ƙarshen. ② Yankin tuntuɓar ramin da aka buga shine 70%. ③ Matsakaicin ƙimar ramin da aka ɗora shine Ra = 0.4μm. Hanyar gamawa na ramin da aka ɗora: ɗaya shine barin izini, sa'an nan kuma tuntuɓar ramin da aka ɗora ya kai ga daidaiton samfurin ƙarshe ta hanyar niƙa kai yayin taro; ɗayan shine don biyan buƙatun fasaha kai tsaye yayin sarrafawa. Our factory yanzu rungumi dabi'ar na biyu hanya, wanda shi ne don amfani da hula don matsa da raya karshen m76X2-5g mashaya, yi amfani da cibiyar frame saita m da'irar φ 110h8MF a gaban karshen, amfani da wani micrometer zuwa aligned m da'irar φ 80js6, da kuma nika tapered rami.
Nika da gogewa shine aikin gamawa na ƙarshe na mashaya mai ban sha'awa. Nika na iya samun daidaiton girman girman girma da ƙanƙantar yanayin ƙasa. Gabaɗaya magana, kayan aikin niƙa yana da laushi fiye da kayan aikin aiki kuma yana da tsari iri ɗaya. Mafi yawan amfani da shi ne simintin ƙarfe kayan aikin niƙa (duba Hoto 10), wanda ya dace da sarrafa kayan aiki daban-daban da kuma niƙa mai kyau, zai iya tabbatar da ingancin niƙa mai kyau da babban yawan aiki, kuma kayan aikin niƙa yana da sauƙin ƙira kuma yana da ƙarancin farashi. A cikin aikin niƙa, ruwan niƙa ba wai kawai yana taka rawa wajen haɗa kayan shafa da mai da sanyaya ba, har ma yana taka rawar sinadarai don hanzarta aikin niƙa. Zai manne da saman kayan aikin, yana haifar da fim ɗin oxide don samar da saman saman aikin da sauri, kuma yana taka rawa wajen daidaita kololuwa a saman kayan aikin da kuma kare kwaruruka a saman kayan aikin. Abrasive da ake amfani da shi a cikin niƙa mai ban sha'awa shine cakuda farin corundum foda na farin aluminum oxide da kananzir.
Ko da yake mashaya mai ban sha'awa ta sami daidaito mai kyau da ƙarancin yanayin ƙasa bayan niƙa, samansa yana cike da yashi kuma baki ne. Bayan an haɗa mashaya mai ban sha'awa tare da dunƙule mara kyau, ruwan baƙar fata yana gudana. Don kawar da yashi mai niƙa da aka saka a saman mashaya mai ban sha'awa, masana'antar mu tana amfani da kayan aikin gogewa da aka yi da kai don goge saman mashaya mai ban sha'awa tare da koren chromium oxide. Ainihin tasirin yana da kyau sosai. Fuskar mashaya mai ban sha'awa tana da haske, kyakkyawa kuma mai jurewa lalata.
Binciken mashaya mai ban sha'awa
(1) Duba madaidaiciya. Sanya ƙarfe biyu na nau'in V masu tsayi daidai da tsayi akan dandamalin matakin 0. Sanya mashaya mai ban sha'awa akan ƙarfe mai siffar V, kuma matsayi na baƙin ƙarfe mai siffar V yana a 2/9L na φ 110h8MF (duba Hoto 11). Haƙuri na madaidaiciyar tsayin tsayin mashaya mai ban sha'awa shine 0.01mm.
Da farko, yi amfani da micrometer don bincika isometry na maki A da B a 2/9L. Karatun maki A da B sune 0. Sa'an nan, ba tare da matsar da mashaya mai ban sha'awa ba, auna tsayin tsakiya da maki biyu na ƙarshen a, b, da c, kuma rubuta ƙimar; kiyaye mashaya mai ban sha'awa a tsaye, juya sandar mai ban sha'awa 90 ° da hannu, kuma yi amfani da micrometer don auna tsayin maki a, b, da c, da rikodin ƙimar; sannan ku juya sandar mai ban sha'awa 90°, auna tsayin maki a, b, da c, sannan kuyi rikodin ƙimar. Idan babu ɗayan da aka gano wanda ya wuce 0.01mm, yana nufin ya cancanta, kuma akasin haka.
(2) Duba girman, zagaye, da cylindricity. Ana duba diamita na waje na mashaya mai ban sha'awa tare da micrometer na waje. Rarraba cikakken tsayin dattin da aka goge na mashaya mai ban sha'awa φ 110h8MF zuwa sassa daidai 17, kuma yi amfani da micrometer diamita na waje don auna diamita a cikin tsari na radial a, b, c, da d, kuma jera bayanan da aka auna a cikin tebur rikodin binciken mashaya mai ban sha'awa.
Kuskuren cylindricity yana nufin bambancin diamita a hanya ɗaya. Dangane da ma'auni na kwance a cikin tebur, kuskuren cylindricality a cikin shugabanci shine 0, kuskuren a cikin shugabanci shine 2μm, kuskuren a cikin shugabanci shine 2μm, kuskuren a cikin shugabanci shine 2μm. Yin la'akari da hanyoyi guda huɗu na a, b, c, da d, bambanci tsakanin matsakaicin matsakaici da mafi ƙarancin ƙima shine kuskuren cylindricality na gaskiya na 2μm.
An kwatanta kuskuren zagaye tare da ƙima a cikin layuka na tsaye na tebur, kuma ana ɗaukar matsakaicin ƙimar bambanci tsakanin ƙimar. Idan binciken mashaya mai ban sha'awa ya kasa ko ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ya wuce haƙuri, ya zama dole a ci gaba da niƙa da gogewa har sai ya wuce.
Bugu da ƙari, yayin binciken, ya kamata a ba da hankali ga tasirin zafin daki da zafin jiki na jikin ɗan adam (riƙe micrometer) akan sakamakon ma'auni, kuma ya kamata a mai da hankali kan kawar da kurakuran sakaci, rage tasirin kurakuran auna, da sanya ƙimar ma'auni daidai gwargwadon yiwuwar.
Idan kuna buƙatara kan site m mashayacustomzied, barka da zuwa tuntube mu don ƙarin bayani.
